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食品微生物 Chapter 9: Microbiological Risk Assessment (MRA)

放大字体缩小字体发布日期:2005-06-01

      My book entitled ’Microbiological Risk Assessment of Food’ hwas published in 2002. It is about 230 pages long and is based on the Codex format of Hazard Identification, Exposure Assessment, Hazard Characterisation and Risk Characterisation.

      The book chapters are :
      Foodborne microbial pathogens in world trade
      Food safety, control and HACCP
      Risk analysis
      Application of microbiological risk assessment
      Future developments in microbiological risk assessment
      In addition to working through the 70+ MRA examples below, you can also go to Exercises (Microbiological Risk Assessment) of the Blackwell’s host site to work through an example.

      There is also a Powerpoint presentation I wrote concerning MRA, HACCP and microbial criteria you can view at ’HACCP & microbial safety’.

      Meanwhile, below are over 70 MRA sites to visit to keep you busy...!

      Spreadsheet RA model
      Ross and Sumner have published two papers in International Journal of Food Microbiology (vol77, 39-53 and vol77, 55-59; 2002) on risk assessment tools. The first paper is on a simple, spreadsheet which can be downloaded (ZIP file based on ExcelTM). It includes two case studies; viruses in oysters and comparison of risk estimate with Cassin et al. (1998; Microbiology of Safe Food p. 349, Microbiological Risk Assessment of Food p.157).

      Salmonella
      FAO-WHO Salmonella in eggs and broiler chickens (ftp site; two WORD files to download) Jan 2003
      USA Elimination of S. Enteritidis illness due to eggs
      EA eggs (pdf file)
      HA broilers & eggs (pdf file)
      FSIS eggs and egg products
      Denmark, contribution of animal sources
      HI & HC Salmonella in broilers & eggs (Fazil et al pdf file.)
      EA S. Enteritidis in eggs (Ebel et al pdf file.)
      EA Salmonella in broilers (Kelly et al. pdf file)
      FSIS Salmonella in shell eggs risk assessment
      S. Enteritidis risk assessment model
      Global Salmonella surveillance (Global Salm-Surv)
      Listeria
      FSIS draft L. monocytogenes RTE meat & poultry, March 2003
      FDA draft L. monocytogenes QMRA
      L. monocytogenes (Buchanan & Lindqvist, pdf file)
      Second site for FDA draft Listeria monocytogenes QMRA
      Preliminary study, health impact
      EU 1999 (pdf file)
      Campylobacter
      HA, EA, HC in broiler chickens, FAO-WHO
      fluoroquinolone resistant Campylobacter
      Revised Risk Assessment for fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter in chickens
      Broilers Denmark QMRA
      Fazil chicken study course
      Other micro-organisms and foods
      QMRA - cross-contamination
      Risk Assessment for food terrorism and other food safety concerns
      E. coli O157 in beef tartare, RIVM, Netherlands
      E. coli O157 in beef risk assessment
      Draft FSIS E coli O157 Risk Assessment (pdf file)
      V. parahaemolyticus - shellfish
      HA, EA, HC, for Vibrio spp. in seafoods
      EU Norwalk-like viruses (pdf file)
      Salads
      Lap-mei
      Siu-mei and Lo-mei
      FAO/WHO
      Risk Assessment: Food Bioterrorism and other food safety concerns
      JEFRA homepage
      Principles and guidelines for incorporating MRA in the development of food safety standards, guidelines and related texts; Joint FAO/WHO March 2002 (pdf file)
      Codex Principles for MRA (pdf file)
      WHO Background paper
      JEMRA (pdf file)
      WHO Microbiological Risk Analysis
      FAO/WHO (pdf)
      CCFH response to Codex
      Joint FAO & WHO (1999) Consultation report
      FAO/WHO HC food and water (pdf)
      Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives
      antimicrobial agents, new animal drugs
      Abridged FOA MRA explanation page
      JEMRA food and water (pdf file)
      FAO/WHO food and water
      FAO/WHO assessors and managers
      Risk Analysis, Geneva 1995
      Risk Management & Food Safety, Rome 1997
      Risk Communication, Rome,1998
      Risk Assessment, Geneva, 1999 (pdf file)
      Risk Management 2000
      General - Food Control
      L. monocytogenes (Buchanan & Lindqvist, pdf file)
      HI & HC Salmonella in broilers & eggs (Fazil et al pdf file.)
      EA S. Enteritidis in eggs (Ebel et al pdf file.)
      EA Salmonella in broilers (Kelly et al. pdf file)
      Hazard characterization for pathogens in food and water
      Assesors & managers of microbiological hazards
      WHO antimicrobial resistance
      WHO index
      WHO microbiological risk assessment
      EU
      Risk assessment of food borne bacterial pathogens: Quantitative methodolgy relevant for human exposure assessment (Final report 2003, pdf format)
      Codex 2000, Risk Analysis
      EU MRA & 93/43/EEC
      EU harmonisation
      Quantitiative methodology - preliminary report (pdf)
      General food & water
      Hazard Characterization of pathogens in food and water: Guidleines. JEFRA 2003
      1996 Summary paper by Society for Risk Analysis
      Dept. of Health (UK) Advisory Committee on dangerous pathogens
      HACCP & MRA
      ILSI principles (1998)
      ILSI principles (2000; pdf file)
      International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI)
      Food Safety Risk Analysis Clearinghouse
      Risk assessment tools
      Risk assessment frameworks
      RiskWorld
      Society for Risk Analysis
      USDA Risk analysis bibliography
      Online training courses and model explanations
      Risk Analysis Background from FSIS
      WHO
      FSIS E. coli O157:H7
      Poultry FARM (Oscar)
      FAO/WHO initiative on Microbial risk assessment

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