The official chemical name of common table sugar is saccharose, or in English sucrose. The three are thus synonyms. The word sugar is identical to a group of closely related chemicals, the carbohydrates. Chemically, saccharose is a combination of two smaller carbohydrates, glucose and fructose. The English word for glucose is dextrose. Thus, dextrose is a different sugar and a component of sucrose. Fructose is also called levulose or fruit sugar.