Scientists tracked 76 rhesus monkeys for as long as 20 years.

科学家们跟踪观察研究了76只猕猴长达20年之久。

The one on the left is on a reduced-calorie regimen, the right on a normal diet.

左边遵循减少热量方案的法则，右边则是正常饮食。

With a reduced-calorie diet, monkeys were less likely to die of an age-related disease -- cancer, heart disease or diabetes, reports a study in the journal Science.

通过减少热量的饮食，猴子不太可能死于与年龄有关的疾病，癌症，心脏病或糖尿病，《科学杂志》中的一份研究报告指出。

For a country in which roughly 200 million people are overweight or obese, scientists today have discouraging news: Even those who maintain a healthy weight probably should be eating less.

对于一个有大约200万人超重或肥胖的国家，科学家今天的消息有点让人沮丧：即使是那些有健康体重的人或许也应少吃。

Evidence has been mounting for years that the practice of caloric restriction -- essentially, going on a permanent diet -- greatly reduces the risk of age-related diseases and even postpones death.

这些年来不断有证据表明，限制热量的饮食（必须常年坚持）,大大减少了与年龄有关的疾病的风险，甚至推延了死亡。

It has been shown to significantly extend the lives of yeast, worms, flies, spiders, fish, mice and rats.

酵母，蠕虫，苍蝇，蜘蛛，鱼，小鼠和大鼠的生命已经被证实显着地延长了。

Now, in a much-anticipated study funded by the National Institutes of Health, many of the same benefits have been demonstrated in primates, the best evidence yet that caloric restriction would help people.

现在，一个由美国国立卫生研究院资助的令人瞩目的研究表明，许多好处已被证明在灵长类动物身上同样有效，这是健康的限制热量饮食将同样有助于人的最好证据。

The findings, published in the journal Science , tracked rhesus monkeys that were on a reduced-calorie regimen for as long as 20 years.

这个调查结果，是在跟踪观察了实行减少热量饮食方案的恒河猴长达20年之后，才在《科学杂志》公开发表的。

The animals' risk of dying from cancer, heart disease and diabetes fell by more than two-thirds

它们死于癌症，心脏病和糖尿病的可能性下降了三分之二以上。

The study comes as some validation to the cadre of several hundred true-believing Americans who profess to practice caloric restriction in their daily lives.

研究之际，数百名美国人声称他们在日常生活中信奉实践卡路里限制饮食。

It was also welcomed by scientists who study the biological mechanisms of aging and longevity.

此研究也受到了研究生物的老化和长寿机制科学家的欢迎。

"It adds to the evidence piling up that caloric restriction, independent of thinness, is a healthy way to stay alive and healthy longer," said Susan Roberts of the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, who wasn't involved in the study. "

更多证据表明，热量限制，无论胖瘦，是一种健康的和保持健康的生存方式， "罗茨苏珊（人类营养研究中心的老化塔夫茨大学，没有参与研究）说。

"Less diseases in old age has to be something most everyone wants."

"减少老年疾病已成为最每个人的希望。 "

Is caloric restriction the solution?

限制热量就是解决方案吗？

"Mild caloric restriction is beneficial to everybody," said Dr. Luigi Fontana, a medical professor at Washington University in St. Louis.

"温和的卡路里限制，有利于每个人",医疗教授圣路易斯华盛顿大学的Luigi Fontana博士说。

In his examinations of people who have been practicing caloric restriction for an average of 6 1/2 years, Fontana found their heart function was equivalent to those of people 16 years younger.

在检查了那些实行限制热量饮食并且坚持平均6 年半的人的心脏后，Fontana发现他们的心脏功能与16年前一样。

Though the regimen sounds grueling, it is hardly a starvation diet, experts said.

虽然方案听起来自虐，但不是说是饿死人的那种程度，专家说。

It typically begins with an in-depth assessment to determine how many calories an individual needs to consume to maintain a healthy weight.

一般首先进行深入评估，以确定个人保持健康体重所必需消耗的卡路里数。

Then that number is shaved by 10% to 30%.

然后，在这个数字上削减10 %至30 % .

People on caloric restriction can eat three meals a day.

实行热量限制的人们可以吃一日三餐。

A typical menu includes cereal with fruit and nuts for breakfast, a big salad for lunch, and dinner featuring lean meat and reasonable portion sizes.

一份典型的菜单包括谷物与水果及坚果的早餐，一个大沙拉午餐，晚餐有些合理份额的瘦肉。

There's also room for a couple of snacks and even a small dessert from time to time.

还有余地吃几个小吃，甚至还不时有一个小甜点。

Caloric restriction has consistently produced health benefits for animals.

只要限制热量，就会对动物的健康产生益处。

In the new study, scientists tracked 76 adult rhesus monkeys from the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center starting in 1989.

在这项新研究中，科学家们于1989年开始，跟踪研究了来自从威斯康星州国家灵长类动物研究中心的76只成年猕猴。

Half the animals were fed a typical diet of lab chow, and the rest got a version with a higher concentration of vitamins and minerals to make up for the 30% reduction in chow quantity.

一半喂食一般的饮食实验室食物，其余的喂食高浓度的维生素和矿物质，以弥补减少的30 %的食物数量。

Over the course of the study, the monkeys that ate the regular diet were three times more likely to die of an age-related disease than their counterparts on caloric restriction.

在研究过程中，对比热量限制饮食的猴子，正常饮食的猴子死于与年龄有关的疾病的可能性高3倍以上。

Fourteen deaths in the control group were attributable to age-related diseases, compared with five such deaths among the animals that ate 30% fewer calories, according to the study.

根据这项研究，对照组有14死于与年龄有关的疾病，相比之下，30 %少热量组只有5死。

The rates of cardiovascular disease and pre-cancerous cell growths were twice as high in the control group compared with the reduced-calorie group.

心血管疾病和癌前期细胞生长的发生率，对照组比少热量组高两倍。

The researchers also noted that although five of the control monkeys became diabetic and 11 were classified as pre-diabetic, all the calorie-restricted animals remained diabetes-free.

研究人员还指出，虽然普通喂养的猴子中五只成为糖尿病，11只被列为糖尿病前期，但所有通过限制热量喂养的猴子仍然免受糖尿病困扰。

Brain scans revealed significantly less atrophy of gray matter in the monkeys that ate less.

脑扫描显示少吃的猴子脑部灰质萎缩大大减少。

They even looked less wrinkled and flabby.

甚至看不到他们的皮肤的皱纹和松弛。

In all, the monkeys on caloric restriction "appear to be biologically younger than the normally fed animals," the researchers wrote in their report.

总之，通过热量限制饮食的猴子的生理年龄比通常喂养的看起来年轻， 研究人员在其报告中写道。