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nal Science Review上å‘表了题为¡°Structural variation and parallel evolution of apomixis in citrus during domestication and diversification¡±çš„ç ”ç©¶è®ºæ–‡ã€‚è¯¥ç ”ç©¶é¦–æ¬¡æ示亅üa href='//www.sqrdapp.com/news/tag_545.html' class='zdbq' title='柑橘相关食å“资讯' target='_blank'>柑橘ä¸ä¸åŒå±žé—´æ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–性状å˜åœ¨å¹³è¡Œè¿›åŒ–,回ç”äº†çŽ°ä»£æ ½åŸ¹æŸ‘æ©˜å¹¿æ³›å˜åœ¨æ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–çš„é—ä¼ æœºåˆ¶ã€ü/div>
  柑橘是世界åŒæ—¶æ˜¯æˆ‘å›½ç¬¬ä¸€å¤§æžœæ ‘ï¼Œè‡ªä¸Šä¸ªä¸–çº?0年代以æ¥ï¼Œæˆ‘å›½æŸ‘æ©˜æ ½åŸ¹é¢ç§¯å’Œäº§é‡æŒç»å¢žé•¿ï¼Œæ®ç»Ÿè®¡2020年柑橘总产é‡å·²è¾¾åˆ°4500余万å¨ã€‚我国是柑橘的起æºåœ°ä¹‹ä¸€ï¼Œæ ½åŸ¹å“ç§ç±»åž‹ç¹å¤šï¼ŒæŸ‘ã€æ©˜ã€æ©™ã€æŸšã€è‘¡è„柚ã€æŸ 檬ã€é‡‘柑ã€æ‚柑ç‰éƒ½æœ‰è§„æ¨¡åŒ–çš„æ ½åŸ¹ã€‚æŸ‘æ©˜å¹¿æ³›å˜åœ¨æ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–的特性,导致åŽä»£åŸºå› åž‹å’Œæ¯æœ¬ä¿æŒä¸€è‡´ï¼Œé˜»ç¢äº†æŸ‘橘的æ‚交育ç§è¿›ç¨‹ã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œç ”ç©¶æŸ‘æ©˜æ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–å¯¹äºŽåŠ é€ŸæŸ‘æ©˜é—ä¼ æ”¹è‰¯å…·æœ‰é‡è¦æ„义。æ¤å¤–ï¼Œæ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–还被è¿ç”¨äºŽä½œç‰©çš„æ‚ç§ä¼˜åŠ¿å›ºå®šï¼Œå…·æœ‰é‡è¦åº”用å‰æ™¯ï¼Œå¯¹æˆ‘国ç§ä¸šå‘展具有é‡è¦æ„ä¹‰ã€‚æŸ‘æ©˜æ˜¯ç ”ç©¶å¢åä½“æ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–的模å¼æ料,解æžæŸ‘æ©˜æ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–çš„é—ä¼ æœºåˆ¶ï¼Œèƒ½å¤Ÿä¸ºä½œç‰©æ‚ç§ä¼˜åŠ¿å›ºå®šæ供新的æ€è·¯ã€‚柑橘ä¸çš„é‡‘æŸ‘å±žåœ¨æˆ‘å›½å…·æœ‰æ‚ ä¹…çš„æ ½åŸ¹åŽ†å²ï¼Œå±±é‡‘柑 (Ho
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  åŽä¸å†œä¸šå¤§å¦åšå£«ç”ŸçŽ‹æ¥ 为该论文第一作者,邓秀新院士为该论文通讯作者。ä¸å›½å†œä¸šç§‘å¦é™¢æ·±åœ³å†œä¸šåŸºå› ç»„ç ”ç©¶æ‰€å‘¨æ°¸é”‹æ•™æŽˆã€æ˜†å£«å…°å¤§å¦Anna M.G. Koltunowæ•™æŽˆå’ŒåŠ å·žå¤§å¦å°”æ¹¾åˆ†æ ¡Brandon S. Gaut教授å‚与了论文的具体指导。ä¸å›½å†œä¸šç§‘å¦é™¢æ·±åœ³å†œä¸šåŸºå› ç»„ç ”ç©¶æ‰€é»„ä¸‰æ–‡æ•™æŽˆå’ŒåŠ å·žå¤§å¦æ²³æ»¨åˆ†æ ¡Danelle Seymouråšå£«åœ¨è¯¾é¢˜å®žæ–½è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸çš„æ供了é‡è¦æ„è§å’Œå»ºè®®ã€‚è¯¥ç ”ç©¶å¾—åˆ°äº†å›½å®¶é‡ç‚¹ç ”å‘计划ã€å›½å®¶è‡ªç„¶ç§‘å¦åŸºé‡‘ç‰é¡¹ç›®çš„资助ã€ü/div>
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  Apomixis, or asexual seed formation is pre
valent in the Citrinae via a mechanism termed nucellar or adventitious embryony. Here, multiple embryos of a maternal genotype form directly from nucellar cells in the ovule and can outcompete the developing zygotic embryo as they utilize the sexually derived endosperm for growth. Whilst nucellar embryony enables the propagation of clo
nal plants of maternal genetic constitution, it is also a barrier to effective breeding through hybridization. To address the genetics and evolution of apomixis in the Citrinae, a chromosome-level genome of Ho
ngkong kumquat (Fortunella hindsiiï¼ was assembled following a genome-wide variation map including structural variants (SVsï¼ ba
sed on 234 Citrinae accessions. This map revealed that hybrid citrus cultivars shelter genome-wide delet
erious mutations and SVs into heterozygous states free from recessive selec
tion, which may explain the capability of nucellar embryony in most cultivars during Citrinae diversification. Analyses revealed that parallel evolution may explain the repeated origin of apomixis in different genera of Citrinae. Within Fortunella, we found that apomixis of some varieties originated via introgression. In apomictic Fortunella, the locus associated with apomixis co
ntains the FhRWP gene, encoding an RWP-RK domain-co
ntaining protein previously shown to be required for nucellar embryogenesis in Citrus. We found the heterozygous SV in the FhRWP and CitRWP promoters from apomictic Citrus or Fortunella due to either two or three Miniature inverted transposon element (MITEï¼ insertions. A trans
cription factor FhARID, encoding an AT-rich interaction domain-co
ntaining protein binds to the MITEs in the promoter of apomictic varieties which facilitates induction of nucellar embryogenesis. This study provides evolutio
nary genomic and molecular insights into apomixis in Citrinae and has potential ramifications for citrus breeding.
  原文连接:https://academic.oup.com/nsr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nsr/nwac114/6608370
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日期9üa href="//www.sqrdapp.com/news/2022-06-17.html">2022-06-17
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