邓秀新院士团队在柑橘无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–演化研究中å–得新进屔ü/h1>
核心æ示ï¼?æœ?4日,åŽä¸­å†œä¸šå¤§å­¦å›­è‰ºæ¤ç‰©ç”Ÿç‰©å­¦æ•™è‚²éƒ¨é‡ç‚¹å®žéªŒå®¤é‚“秀新院士团队在National Science Review上å‘表了研究论文。该研究首次æ­ç¤ºäº†æŸ‘橘中ä¸åŒå±žé—´æ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–性状存在平行进化,回答了现代栽培柑橘广泛存在无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–çš„é—传机制ã€ü/div>
  6æœ?4日,åŽä¸­å†œä¸šå¤§å­¦å›­è‰º æ¤ç‰©ç”Ÿç‰©å­?/a>教育部é‡ç‚¸üa href='//www.sqrdapp.com/news/tag_4793.html' class='zdbq' title='实验相关食å“资讯' target='_blank'>实验室邓秀新院士团队在Natio nal Science Review上å‘表了题为¡°Structural variation and parallel evolution of apomixis in citrus during domestication and diversification¡±çš„研究论文。该研究首次æ­ç¤ºäº…üa href='//www.sqrdapp.com/news/tag_545.html' class='zdbq' title='柑橘相关食å“资讯' target='_blank'>柑橘中ä¸åŒå±žé—´æ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–性状存在平行进化,回答了现代栽培柑橘广泛存在无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–çš„é—传机制ã€ü/div>
  柑橘是世界åŒæ—¶æ˜¯æˆ‘国第一大果树,自上个世çº?0年代以æ¥ï¼Œæˆ‘国柑橘栽培é¢ç§¯å’Œäº§é‡æŒç»­å¢žé•¿ï¼Œæ®ç»Ÿè®¡2020年柑橘总产é‡å·²è¾¾åˆ°4500余万å¨ã€‚我国是柑橘的起æºåœ°ä¹‹ä¸€ï¼Œæ ½åŸ¹å“ç§ç±»åž‹ç¹å¤šï¼ŒæŸ‘ã€æ©˜ã€æ©™ã€æŸšã€è‘¡è„柚ã€æŸ æª¬ã€é‡‘柑ã€æ‚柑等都有规模化的栽培。柑橘广泛存在无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–的特性,导致åŽä»£åŸºå› åž‹å’Œæ¯æœ¬ä¿æŒä¸€è‡´ï¼Œé˜»ç¢äº†æŸ‘橘的æ‚交育ç§è¿›ç¨‹ã€‚因此,研究柑橘无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–对于加速柑橘é—传改良具有é‡è¦æ„义。此外,无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–还被è¿ç”¨äºŽä½œç‰©çš„æ‚ç§ä¼˜åŠ¿å›ºå®šï¼Œå…·æœ‰é‡è¦åº”用å‰æ™¯ï¼Œå¯¹æˆ‘国ç§ä¸šå‘展具有é‡è¦æ„义。柑橘是研究孢å­ä½“æ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–的模å¼æ料,解æžæŸ‘橘无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–çš„é—传机制,能够为作物æ‚ç§ä¼˜åŠ¿å›ºå®šæ供新的æ€è·¯ã€‚柑橘中的金柑属在我国具有悠久的栽培历å²ï¼Œå±±é‡‘柑 (Ho ngkong kumquat, Fortunella hindsiiï¼ æ˜¯é‡‘æŸ‘å±žçš„ä¸€ç§å¸¸ç»¿é‡Žç”Ÿæžœæ ‘,其æ¤æ ªçŸ®å°ï¼Œç«¥æœŸçŸ­ï¼Œå¼€èŠ±æ—©ï¼Œå®žç”Ÿè‹—一至两年便å¯å¼€èŠ±ç»“果。并且山金柑具有无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–和有性生殖两ç§ç±»åž‹ã€ü/div>
  ç†è§£æ¤ç‰©æ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–çš„èµ·æºå’Œè¿›åŒ–是现代进化生物学最具挑战性的问题,无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–被认为具有é¿å…有性生殖过程中产生ä¸åˆ©åŸºå› ç»„负担的短期进化优势,能够é¿å…ä¸åˆ©åŸºå› çš„组åˆä»¥åŠæœ‰åˆ©åŸºå› åž‹çš„分离。无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–在柑橘ä¸åŒå±žé—´å‡æœ‰å‘生,其进化机制一直还ä¸æ˜Žç¡®ï¼›åŒä¸€ä¸ªå±žå†…çš„ä¸åŒç§é—´ä¹Ÿå­˜åœ¨ä¸åŒçš„生殖模å¼ï¼Œå…¶æ€§çŠ¶çš„传播路线也ä¸æ¸…晰;并且æ‚交起æºçš„现代栽培柑橘å‡å…·æœ‰æ— èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–的特性,阻ç¢äº†æŸ‘橘的é—传改良。近二åå¹´æ¥ï¼ŒåŸºå› ç»„测åºæŠ€æœ¯çš„进步和群体é—传学的å‘展为解æžä½œç‰©è¿›åŒ–æ供了新的工具和æ€è·¯ã€ü/div>
  邓秀新院士团队利用短童期山金柑为æ料进行了高质é‡æŸ“色体级别基因组的组装和é—传群体构建,实现了金柑属无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–关键基因的定ä½ã€‚结åˆæŸ‘橘ä¸åŒå±žæ料的全基因组é‡æµ‹åºæ•°æ®ï¼Œè¿›ä¸€æ­¥è§£æžäº†é‡‘柑属和柑橘属无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–表型的平行进化机制。该研究å‘现,æ‚交起æºçš„柑橘群体能够通过无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–æ¥ä¿æŒæ‚交优势,并导致无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–的关键MITEæ’入以æ‚åˆå­å½¢å¼å­˜åœ¨ï¼Œé¦–次æ出了无èžåˆç”Ÿæ®–在柑橘分化和驯化过程中的é‡è¦ä½œç”¨ã€ü/div>
  åŽä¸­å†œä¸šå¤§å­¦åšå£«ç”ŸçŽ‹æ¥ ä¸ºè¯¥è®ºæ–‡ç¬¬ä¸€ä½œè€…,邓秀新院士为该论文通讯作者。中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所周永锋教授ã€æ˜†å£«å…°å¤§å­¦Anna M.G. Koltunow教授和加州大学尔湾分校Brandon S. Gaut教授å‚与了论文的具体指导。中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所黄三文教授和加州大学河滨分校Danelle Seymouråšå£«åœ¨è¯¾é¢˜å®žæ–½è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸­çš„æ供了é‡è¦æ„è§å’Œå»ºè®®ã€‚该研究得到了国家é‡ç‚¹ç ”å‘计划ã€å›½å®¶è‡ªç„¶ç§‘学基金等项目的资助ã€ü/div>
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  Apomixis, or asexual seed formation is pre valent in the Citrinae via a mechanism termed nucellar or adventitious embryony. Here, multiple embryos of a maternal genotype form directly from nucellar cells in the ovule and can outcompete the developing zygotic embryo as they utilize the sexually derived endosperm for growth. Whilst nucellar embryony enables the propagation of clo nal plants of maternal genetic constitution, it is also a barrier to effective breeding through hybridization. To address the genetics and evolution of apomixis in the Citrinae, a chromosome-level genome of Ho ngkong kumquat (Fortunella hindsiiï¼ was assembled following a genome-wide variation map including structural variants (SVsï¼ ba sed on 234 Citrinae accessions. This map revealed that hybrid citrus cultivars shelter genome-wide delet erious mutations and SVs into heterozygous states free from recessive selec tion, which may explain the capability of nucellar embryony in most cultivars during Citrinae diversification. Analyses revealed that parallel evolution may explain the repeated origin of apomixis in different genera of Citrinae. Within Fortunella, we found that apomixis of some varieties originated via introgression. In apomictic Fortunella, the locus associated with apomixis co ntains the FhRWP gene, encoding an RWP-RK domain-co ntaining protein previously shown to be required for nucellar embryogenesis in Citrus. We found the heterozygous SV in the FhRWP and CitRWP promoters from apomictic Citrus or Fortunella due to either two or three Miniature inverted transposon element (MITEï¼ insertions. A trans cription factor FhARID, encoding an AT-rich interaction domain-co ntaining protein binds to the MITEs in the promoter of apomictic varieties which facilitates induction of nucellar embryogenesis. This study provides evolutio nary genomic and molecular insights into apomixis in Citrinae and has potential ramifications for citrus breeding.
  原文连接:https://academic.oup.com/nsr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nsr/nwac114/6608370
日期9üa href="//www.sqrdapp.com/news/2022-06-17.html">2022-06-17
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