2011年1月14日,美国FDA发布16-131号进口警报。由于含有兽药或不安全的食品添加剂,对进口的水产养殖产品(鲇鱼、龙利鱼、虾、鲦鱼、鳗鱼)实行自动扣留。
由于目前广泛的商业化和对水产养殖产品消费量的增加,养殖水产品已成为全球食品经济中增长最快的部分,约占了全球水产品产量的一半。美国80%的水产品是从约62个国家进口的,其中超过40%的是水产养殖产品。随着水产养殖业的发展,未经批准的兽药和不安全的化学品在水产养殖产品中的滥用也大幅增加。
中国是世界上最大的养殖水产品生产国,约占了全球生产总量的70%,全球出口总值的55%.目前,中国是美国第三大水产品进口国,以虾和鲇鱼为主。
有明确的科学证据表明,在水产养殖过程中使用抗生素或化学物质,例如孔雀石绿、呋喃类抗生素、氟喹诺酮类、结晶紫等,将增加人类的抗药性,并有致癌的风险。
虽然自2002年以来,中国已禁止在水产养殖中使用一些药物(呋喃类抗生素和孔雀石绿),但FDA仍发现从中国出口的水产品中含有这些药物及其他兽药。
实施自动扣留的中国产品和检测项目如下:
(16 A - - 10) Catfish, Freshwater (e.g. Channel, blue, white, yaqui, bullhead, flathead catfish)
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 A - - 15) Eel
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 A - - 57) Dace
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 A - - 67) Catfish, Salt Water
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 A - - 82) Freshwater Non-Ictalurus Fish
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 B - - 10) Catfish, Fresh Water, Breaded (e.g. Channel, blue, white, yaqui, bullhead, flathead catfish)
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 B - - 15) Eels, Breaded
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 B - - 57) Dace, Breaded
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 B - - 67) Catfish, Salt Water, Breaded
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 B - - 82) Freshwater Non-Ictalurus Fish
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 C - - 10) Catfish, Fresh Water, Cakes, Balls, Etc. (e.g. Channel, blue, white, yaqui, bullhead, catfish)
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 C - - 15) Eels, Cakes, Balls, Etc.
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 C - - 57) Dace, Cakes, Balls, Etc.
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 C - - 67) Catfish, Salt Water, Cakes, Balls, Etc.
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 C - - 82) Freshwater Non-Ictalurus Fish, Cakes, Balls, Etc.
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 I - - 10) Catfish, Freshwater, Hot Smoked (e.g. Channel, blue, white, yaqui, bullhead, flathead catfish)
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 I - - 15) Eel, Hot Smoked, Fish
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 I - - 57) Dace, Hot Smoked, Fish
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 I - - 67) Catfish, Salt Water, Hot Smoked, Fish
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 I - - 82) Fresh Water Non-Ictalurus Fish, Hot Smoked
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 J - - 05) Shrimp & Prawns
Notes:Fluoroquinolones and Nitrofurans
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 K - - 05) Shrimp & Prawns, Breaded
Notes:Fluoroquinolones and Nitrofurans
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 L - - 05) Shrimp & Prawns, Cakes, Balls, Etc.
Notes:Fluoroquinolones and Nitrofurans
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 S - - 10) Catfish, Freshwater, Cold Smoked (e.g. Channel, blue, white, yaqui, bullhead, flathead catfish)
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 S - - 15) Eel, Cold Smoked, Fish
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 S - - 57) Dace, Cold Smoked, Fish
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 S - - 67) Catfish (salt water), Cold Smoked
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 S - - 82) Freshwater Non-Ictalurus Fish, Cold Smoked
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 X - - 02) Catfish, Aquaculture, Fresh Water
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 X - - 21) Shrimp and prawns, Aquaculture Harvested Fishery/Seafood Products
Notes:Fluoroquinolones and Nitrofurans
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
(16 X - - 43) Non-Ictalurus Fish, Aquaculture, Fresh Water
Notes:Fluoroquinolones
Problems: GENTIAN VIOLET; MALACHITE GREEN;
(16 X - - 99) Aquaculture Harvested Fishery/Seafood Products, N.E.C.,
Notes:Dace and Eel
Problems: MALACHITE GREEN; GENTIAN VIOLET;
但有12家中国企业获得豁免,详细信息见:http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/importalert_33.html。