ntent="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em;">常规洗涤法(一般容器)
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.清洗实验器皿前先用肥皂洗手;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.先用自来水冲去灰尘,再用毛刷蘸洗涤剂液仔细刷净内外表面,之后边刷边用水冲至无洗涤剂液;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.再用自来水冲洗3~5次,去离子水冲洗3次;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4.不便刷洗的实验器皿先用洗涤剂液浸泡后用水冲洗。洗净的玻璃器皿内外不挂水珠,器壁上残留的水用指示剂检查为中性;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5.去污粉不得用于洗涤刻度器皿和玻璃仪器内壁,以防划伤玻璃。
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ntent="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em;">不同材质器皿的洗涤
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.银、镍和铁质器皿用NaOH熔融,也可用1:3稀HCl短时间浸泡后用水冲洗;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.玛瑙器皿不宜浸洗,要先用洗涤剂洗后用水冲洗倒置架空晾干,不可烘干;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.塑料、瓷质和玻璃器皿用稀HCl浸泡后冲洗。
ntent="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em;">特殊器皿洗涤
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.砂芯漏斗用热HCl或铬酸洗液边抽滤边清洗,再依次用自来水、蒸馏水抽洗;用后的砂芯漏斗应针对不同的沉淀物,采用适当的洗涤剂先溶解后抽洗;洗净后可在干燥箱中120℃烘干,但是,烘干前要除去水滴,以免滤片烘裂;洗match净的砂芯漏斗要特别注意防尘。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.成套组合玻璃器皿用常规洗净安装后,使用前应用水蒸气洗涤一段时间;用于微量、痕量分析的玻璃容器要用1:1~1:9,HNO3浸泡后用常规方法洗涤;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.污垢较重器皿的洗涤首次一般均需用HNO3浸泡进行预处理;洗液确定后增加浸泡时间和加温浸煮能强化洗涤效果;用超声波清洗器清洗。
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ntent="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em;">特殊污垢的清洗
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.铁锈水垢用稀HCl或稀HNO3清洗;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.盛高锰酸钾的器皿,用氯化亚锡的盐酸液或含草酸的硫酸溶液清洗;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.难溶的银盐用硫代硫酸钠或氨水洗涤;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4.铝盐、磷钼酸喹啉、白色MoO3用稀NaOH溶液清洗;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5.四苯硼钾用丙酮清洗;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6.有脂肪性污物的器皿用汽油、甲苯、丙酮、酒精、二氯甲烷等有机溶剂擦洗或浸泡。
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ntent="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em;">有毒有害物质器皿的洗涤
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.对分析致癌性物质或氰化物等剧毒物质容器洗涤时,为防止对人体的危害,在洗涤之前,要使用对这些有害物质有破坏作用的洗涤液进行浸泡,然后再进行洗涤。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.分析氰化物的容器可用3%,NaOH溶液浸泡消毒,然后用常规方法清洗;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.分析苯并芘的玻璃容器用20%,HNO3溶液浸泡24h,取出后用自来水冲去残留酸液,再按常规方法清洗。
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ntent="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em;">不同项目取样容器的洗涤处理
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.用于检测重金属的水样的容器用1:4,HNO3浸泡24h以上,取出后常规方法清洗;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.检测微量有机物的水样的容器用铬酸洗液洗净烘干后,再用纯化过的己烷振摇除去器壁表面沾污的有机物,也可用高锰酸钾洗液浸洗后再用自来水和纯水冲洗干净;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.检测阴离子表面活性剂水样的容器要用洗涤剂刷洗后,再用甲醇振摇1min,再依次用自来水、纯水冲洗干净;检测微生物水样的容器,用常规洗涤后,将玻璃器皿放置于高压灭菌锅中加热至121℃保持15min,予以灭菌;塑料容器浸泡在0.5%过氧乙酸溶液中10min或在环氧乙烷气体中进行低温灭菌;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4.聚丙烯耐热塑料容器可用高压灭菌锅121℃高压蒸汽灭菌15min;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5.测汞的水样容器要用1:3,HNO3充分荡洗并浸置数小时,然后,用自来水和超纯水冲洗干净;测微量硫酸盐水样的容器不能使用含硫酸的洗液洗涤;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6.测铬水样的容器不能用盐酸或重铬酸钾的洗液洗涤;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7.测磷酸盐的水样的容器不能用含磷的洗液洗涤;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8.测氨和凯氏氮水样的容器最后要用无氨水涮洗。
ntent="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em;">器皿的干燥
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">玻璃器皿可采取控干、烘干、吹干、烤干等方法干燥处理。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">注意事项:
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.任何量器均不得用烘干法干燥;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.烤干时需注意由底到口,防止瓶口水滴回滴致玻璃炸裂;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.烤干法只适用于硬质玻璃器皿,有些玻璃器皿,如,比色皿、比色管、称量瓶、试剂瓶等绝对不允许用烤干法;
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4.干净的玻璃器皿倒置于器皿柜中,柜的隔板上衬垫清洁滤纸,关紧柜门防灰尘。
ntent="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em;">小结
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portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">因此,实验室玻璃器皿的正确严格清洗是非常值得重视的,在各大实验室中,高效、专业化的玻璃器皿清洗机终将逐渐淘汰传统的人工清洗方式。