常用缓冲溶液的配制方法！

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">常用缓冲溶液的配制方法

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我们经常使用的缓冲溶液，其pH值随温度变化略有变化，要知晓这一点，常用标准缓冲溶液pH值与温度对照表如下：

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">标准缓冲液pH值与温度对照表

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

温度 ℃	四草酸氢钾 0.05M	邻苯二甲酸氢钾 0.05M	混合磷酸盐 0.025M	硼砂 0.01M
5	1.67	4.00	6.95	9.39
10	1.67	4.00	6.02	9.33
15	1.67	4.00	6.90	9.28
20	1.68	4.00	6.88	9.23
25	1.68	4.00	6.86	9.18
30	1.68	4.01	6.85	9.14
35	1.69	4.02	6.84	9.11

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">再配制缓冲溶液，不用到处查阅了！常用缓冲溶液的配制方法，表格展示，轻松一览，赶快收藏吧……

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.甘氨酸–盐酸缓冲液（0.05mol/L）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">X毫升0.2mol/L甘氨酸+Y毫升0.2mol/LHCI，再加水稀释至200毫升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH	X	Y	pH	X	Y
2.0 2.4 2.6 2.8	50 50 50 50	44.0 32.4 24.2 16.8	3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6	50 50 50 50	11.4 8.2 6.4 5.0

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">甘氨酸分子量= 75.07，0.2mol/L甘氨酸溶液含15.01克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.邻苯二甲酸–盐酸缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">X毫升0.2mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾+ 0.2mol/LHCl，再加水稀释到20毫升

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH(20℃)	X	Y	pH(20℃)	X	Y
2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0	5 5 5 5 5	4.070 3.960 3.295 2.642 2.022	3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8	5 5 5 5	1.470 0.990 0.597 0.263

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">邻苯二甲酸氢钾分子量 = 204.23，0.2mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢溶液含40.85克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3．磷酸氢二钠–柠檬酸缓冲液

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH	0.2mol/LNa2HPO4 （毫升）	0.1mol/L 柠檬酸 （毫升）	pH	0.2mol/LNa2HPO4 （毫升）	0.1mol/L 柠檬酸 （毫升）
2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0	0.40 1.24 2.18 3.17 4.11 4.94 5.70 6.44 7.10 7.71 8.28 8.82 9.35 9.86 10.30	10.60 18.76 17.82 16.83 15.89 15.06 14.30 13.56 12.90 12.29 11.72 11.18 10.65 10.14 9.70	5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0	10.72 11.15 11.60 12.09 12.63 13.22 13.85 14.55 15.45 16.47 17.39 18.17 18.73 19.15 19.45	9.28 8.85 8.40 7.91 7.37 6.78 6.15 5.45 4.55 3.53 2.61 1.83 1.27 0.85 0.55

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Na₂HPO₄分子量= 14.98，0.2mol/L溶液为28.40克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Na₂HPO₄-2H₂O分子量 = 178.05，0.2mol/L溶液含35.01克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">C₄H₂O₇·H₂O分子量 = 210.14，0.1mol/L溶液为21.01克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4.柠檬酸–氢氧化钠-盐酸缓冲液

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH	钠离子浓度 （mol/L）	柠檬酸（克） C6H8O7·H2O	氢氧化钠(克) NaOH 97%	盐酸（毫升） HCl（浓）	最终体积（升）①
2.2 3.1 3.3 4.3 5.3 5.8 6.5	0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.35 0.45 0.38	210 210 210 210 245 285 266	84 83 83 83 144 186 156	160 116 106 45 68 105 126	10 10 10 10 10 10 10

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">使用时可以每升中加入1克克酚，若最后pH值有变化，再用少量50% 氢氧化钠溶液或浓盐酸调节，冰箱保存。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5.柠檬酸–柠檬酸钠缓冲液（0.1 mol/L）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH	0.1mol/L 柠檬酸（毫升）	0.1mol/L 柠檬酸钠（毫升）	pH	0.1mol/L 柠檬酸（毫升）	0.1mol/L 柠檬酸钠（毫升）
3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8	18.6 17.2 16.0 14.9 14.0 13.1 12.3 11.4 10.3 9.2	1.4 2.8 4.0 5.1 6.0 6.9 7.7 8.6 9.7 10.8	5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6	8.2 7.3 6.4 5.5 4.7 3.8 2.8 2.0 1.4	11.8 12.7 13.6 14.5 15.3 16.2 17.2 18.0 18.6

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">柠檬酸C₆H₈O₇·H₂O：分子量210.14，0.1mol/L溶液为21.01克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">柠檬酸钠Na₃C₆H₅O₇·2H₂O：分子量294.12，0.1mol/L溶液为29.41克/毫升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6.乙酸–乙酸钠缓冲液（0.2 mol/L）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH(18℃)	0.2mol/L NaAc(毫升)	0.3mol/LHAc(毫升)	pH(18℃)	0.2 mol/L NaAc(毫升)	0.3 mol/L HAc(毫升)
2.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6	0.75 1.20 1.80 2.65 3.70 4.90	9.25 8.80 8.20 7.35 6.30 5.10	4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8	5.90 7.00 7.90 8.60 9.10 9.40	4.10 3.00 2.10 1.40 0.90 0.60

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Na₂Ac·3H₂O分子量 = 136.09，0.2mol/L溶液为27.22克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7．磷酸盐缓冲液

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）磷酸氢二钠–磷酸二氢钠缓冲液（0.2）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH	0.2mol/L Na2HPO4 (毫升)	0.3mol/L NaH2PO4 (毫升)	pH	0.2mol/L Na2HPO4 (毫升)	0.3mol/L NaH2PO4 (毫升)
5.8 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9	8.0 10.0 12.3 15.0 18.5 22.5 26.5 31.5 37.5 43.5 49.5 55.0	92.0 90.0 87.7 85.0 81.5 77.5 73.5 68.5 62.5 56.5 51.0 45.0	7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0	61.0 67.0 72.0 77.0 81.0 84.0 87.0 89.5 91.5 93.0 94.7	39.0 33.0 28.0 23.0 19.0 16.0 13.0 10.5 8.5 7.0 5.3

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O分子量 = 178.05，0.2mol/L溶液为85.61克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O分子量 = 358.22，0.2mol/L溶液为71.64克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O分子量 = 156.03，0.2mol/L溶液为31.21克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）磷酸氢二钠–磷酸二氢钾缓冲液（1/15mol/L）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH	mol/L/15Na2HPO4 (毫升)	mol/L//15KH2PO4 (毫升)	pH	mol/L//15Na2HPO4 (毫升)	mol/L//15KH2PO4 (毫升)
4.92 5.29 5.91 6.24 6.47 6.64 6.81 6.98	0.10 0.50 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00	9.90 9.50 9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00	7.17 7.38 7.73 8.04 8.34 8.67 8.18	7.00 8.00 9.00 9.50 9.75 9.90 10.00	3.00 2.00 1.00 0.50 0.25 0.10 0

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O分子量 = 178.05，1/15M溶液为11.876克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">KH₂PO₄分子量= 136.09，1/15M溶液为9.078克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8．磷酸二氢钾–氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05M）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">X毫升0.2M K₂PO₄+ Y毫升0.2N NaOH加水稀释至29毫升

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH(20℃)	X (毫升)	Y（毫升）	pH(20℃)	X (毫升)	Y（毫升）
5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8	5 5 5 5 5 5	0.372 0.570 0.860 1.260 1.780 2.365	7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0	5 5 5 5 5 5	2.963 3.500 3.950 4.280 4.520 4.680

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">9．巴比妥钠-盐酸缓冲液（18℃）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH	0.04M巴比妥钠溶液	0.2V盐酸	pH	0.04M巴比妥钠溶液(毫升)	0.2N盐酸(毫升)
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2	100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100	18.4 17.8 16.7 15.3 13.4 11.47 9.39 7.21	8.4 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.6	100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100	5.21 3.82 2.52 1.65 1.13 0.70 0.35

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">巴比妥钠盐分子量=206.18;0.04M溶液为8.25克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10．Tris–盐酸缓冲液（0.05M，25℃）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">50毫升0.1M三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris）溶液与X毫升0.1N盐酸混匀后，加水稀释至100毫升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH	X(毫升)	pH	X(毫升)
7.10 7.20 7.30 7.40 7.50 7.60 7.70 7.80 7.90 8.00	45.7 44.7 43.4 42.0 40.3 38.5 36.6 34.5 32.0 29.2	8.10 8.20 8.30 8.40 8.50 8.60 8.70 8.80 8.90	26.2 22.9 19.9 17.2 14.7 12.4 10.3 8.5 7.0

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris）分子量=121.14；

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">0.1M溶液为12.114克/升。Tris溶液可从空气中吸收二氧化碳，使用时注意将瓶盖严。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">11．硼酸–硼砂缓冲液（0.2M硼酸根）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH	0.05M硼砂（毫升）	0.2M硼砂（毫升）	pH	0.05M硼砂（毫升）	0.2M硼酸（毫升）
7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0	1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0	9.0 8.5 8.0 7.0	8.2 8.4 8.7 9.0	3.5 4.5 6.0 8.0	6.5 5.5 4.0 2.0

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">硼砂Na₂B₄O₇·H₂O,分子量=381.43;0.05M溶液（=0.2M硼酸根）含19.07克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">硼酸H₂BO₃,分子量=61.84,0.2M溶液为12.37克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">硼砂易失去结晶水，必须在带塞的瓶中保存。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12．甘氨酸–氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05M）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">X毫升0.2M甘氨酸+Y毫升0.2NnaOH加水稀释至200毫升

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH	X	Y	pH	X	Y
8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.4	50 50 50 50 50	4.0 6.0 8.8 12.0 16.8	9.6 9.8 10.0 10.4 10.6	50 50 50 50 50	22.4 27.2 32.0 38.6 45.5

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">甘氨酸分子量=75.07;0.2M溶液含15.01克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">13．硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05M硼酸根）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">X毫升0.05M硼砂+Y毫升0.2NNaOH加水稀释至200毫升

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH	X	Y	pH	X	Y
9.3 9.4 9.6	50 50 50	6.0 11.0 23.0	9.8 10.0 10.1	50 50 50	34.0 43.0 46.0

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">硼砂Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O,分子量=381.43;0.05M溶液为19.07克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">14．碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液（0.1M）

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺存在时不得使用

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

pH		0.1MNa2CO3(毫升)	0.1MN2HCO3(毫升)
20℃	37℃
9.16 9.40 9.51 9.78 9.90 10.14 10.28 10.53 10.83	8.77 9.12 9.40 9.50 9.72 9.90 10.08 10.28 10.57	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9	9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Na₂CO₂·10H₂O分子量=286.2;0.1M溶液为28.62克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">N₂HCO₃分子量=84.0;0.1M溶液为8.40克/升。

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">15．“PBS”缓冲液

portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">

PH	7.6	7.4	7.2	7.0
H2O NaCl Na2HPO4 NaH2PO4	1000 8.5 2.2 0.1	1000 8.5 2.2 0.2	1000 8.5 2.2 0.3	100ml 8.5g 2.2g 0.4g